Vice President of the United States

For the generic title, President of the Senate, see President of the Senate.

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Vice President of the United States of America
Vice presidential seal
Vice presidential flag
Incumbent Kamala Harris since January 20, 2021
Incumbent Kamala Harris since January 20, 2021
Executive branch of the United StatesLegislative branch of the United States
Style	Mister/Madam Vice President (informal) The Honorable (formal) Mister/Madam President (within the Senate) His/Her Excellency (diplomatic)
Status	President of the United States Senate
Abbreviation	VPOTUS VP Veep
Member of	Cabinet National Security Council National Space Council
Residence	Number One Observatory Circle
Seat	Washington, D.C.
Appointer	Electoral College (new term) The President, with advice and consent of Congress (intra term)
Term length	4 years, no term limits
Constituting instrument	United States Constitution
Formation	March 4, 1789
First holder(s)	John Adams
Succession	First
Deputy	President pro tempore of the United States Senate (within the Senate)

The Vice President of the United States (VPOTUS) is the second-highest ranking official in the executive branch of the United States federal government and is first in the presidential line of succession. The vice president also serves in the legislative branch of the United States as President of the United States Senate. In this capacity, the vice president is empowered to preside over Senate deliberations, but may not vote except to cast a tie-breaking vote. The vice president is indirectly elected together with the president to a four-year term of office by the Electoral College.

While the exact nature of the role varies in each administration, most modern vice presidents serve as a key presidential advisor, governing partner, and representative of the president. The vice president is also a statutory member of the National Security Council and thus plays a significant role in national security matters. As the vice president's role within the executive branch has expanded, the legislative branch role has contracted over time.

Originally something of an afterthought, the vice presidency was considered an insignificant office for much of U.S. history, especially after the Twelfth Amendment meant that vice presidents were no longer the runners-up in the presidential election. The vice president's role began steadily growing in importance during the 1930s, with the Office of the Vice President being created in the executive branch in 1939, and has since grown much further. Due to its increase in power and prestige, the vice presidency is now often considered to be a stepping stone to the presidency.

Democrat Kamala Harris is the 49th and current Vice President of the United States. She assumed office on January 20, 2021.

Vice Presidents of the United States

Vice Presidency		Vice President		Party	Election	President
1	April 21, 1789 – March 4, 1797		John Adams	Federalist	1788	George Washington
					1792
2	March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801		Thomas Jefferson	Democratic-Republican	1796	John Adams
3	March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1805		Aaron Burr	Democratic-Republican	1800	Thomas Jefferson
4	March 4, 1805 – April 20, 1812		George Clinton	Democratic-Republican	1804
					1808	James Madison
Vacant April 20, 1812 – March 4, 1813
5	March 4, 1813 – November 23, 1814		Elbridge Gerry	Democratic-Republican	1812
Vacant November 23, 1814 – March 4, 1817
6	March 4, 1817 – March 4, 1825		Daniel D. Tompkins	Democratic-Republican	1816	James Monroe
					1820
7	March 4, 1825 – December 28, 1832		John C. Calhoun	Democratic-Republican	1824	John Quincy Adams
				Democratic	1828	Andrew Jackson
				Nullifier
Vacant December 28, 1832 – March 4, 1833
8	March 4, 1833 – March 4, 1837		Martin Van Buren	Democratic	1832
9	March 4, 1837 – March 4, 1841		Richard Mentor Johnson	Democratic	1836	Martin Van Buren
10	April 4, 1841 – March 4, 1845		John Tyler	Whig	1840	William Henry Harrison
Vacant April 4, 1841 – March 4, 1845						John Tyler
11	March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849		George M. Dallas	Democratic	1844	James K. Polk
12	March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850		Millard Fillmore	Whig	1848	Zachary Taylor
Vacant July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853						Millard Fillmore
13	March 4, 1853 – April 18, 1853		William R. King	Democratic	1852	Franklin Pierce
Vacant April 18, 1853 – March 4, 1857
14	March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861		John C. Breckinridge	Democratic	1856	James Buchanan
15	March 4, 1861 – March 4, 1865		Hannibal Hamlin	Republican	1860	Abraham Lincoln
16	March 4, 1865 – April 15, 1865		Andrew Johnson	National Union	1864
Vacant April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869						Andrew Johnson
17	March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1873		Schuyler Colfax	Republican	1868	Ulysses S. Grant
18	March 4, 1873 – November 22, 1875		Henry Wilson	Republican	1872
Vacant November 22, 1875 – March 4, 1877
19	March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881		William A. Wheeler	Republican	1876	Rutherford B. Hayes
20	March 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881		Chester A. Arthur	Republican	1880	James A. Garfield
Vacant September 19, 1881 – March 4, 1885						Chester A. Arthur
21	March 4, 1885 – November 25, 1885		Thomas A. Hendricks	Democratic	1884	Grover Cleveland
Vacant November 25, 1885 – March 4, 1889
22	March 4, 1889 – March 4, 1893		Levi P. Morton	Republican	1888	Benjamin Harrison
23	March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1897		Adlai Stevenson I	Democratic	1892	Grover Cleveland
24	March 4, 1897 – November 21, 1899		Garret Hobart	Republican	1896	William McKinley
Vacant November 21, 1899 – March 4, 1901
25	March 4, 1901 – September 14, 1901		Theodore Roosevelt	Republican	1900
Vacant September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1905						Theodore Roosevelt
26	March 4, 1905 – March 4, 1909		Charles W. Fairbanks	Republican	1904
27	March 4, 1909 – October 30, 1912		James S. Sherman	Republican	1908	William Howard Taft
Vacant October 30, 1912 – March 4, 1913
28	March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921		Thomas R. Marshall	Democratic	1912	Woodrow Wilson
					1916
29	March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923		Calvin Coolidge	Republican	1920	Warren G. Harding
Vacant August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1925						Calvin Coolidge
30	March 4, 1925 – March 4, 1929		Charles G. Dawes	Republican	1924
31	March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933		Charles Curtis	Republican	1928	Herbert Hoover
32	March 4, 1933 – January 20, 1941		John Nance Garner	Democratic	1932	Franklin D. Roosevelt
					1936
33	January 20, 1941 – January 20, 1945		Henry A. Wallace	Democratic	1940
34	January 20, 1945 – April 12, 1945		Harry S. Truman	Democratic	1944
Vacant April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1949						Harry S. Truman
35	January 20, 1949 – January 20, 1953		Alben W. Barkley	Democratic	1948
36	January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961		Richard Nixon	Republican	1952	Dwight D. Eisenhower
					1956
37	January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963		Lyndon B. Johnson	Democratic	1960	John F. Kennedy
Vacant November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1965						Lyndon B. Johnson
38	January 20, 1965 – January 20, 1969		Hubert Humphrey	Democratic	1964
39	January 20, 1969 – October 10, 1973		Spiro Agnew	Republican	1968	Richard Nixon
					1972
Vacant October 10, 1973 – December 6, 1973
40	December 6, 1973 – August 9, 1974		Gerald Ford	Republican	None
Vacant August 9, 1974 – December 19, 1974						Gerald Ford
41	December 19, 1974 – January 20, 1977		Nelson Rockefeller	Republican
42	January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981		Walter Mondale	Democratic	1976	Jimmy Carter
43	January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989		George H. W. Bush	Republican	1980	Ronald Reagan
					1984
44	January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993		Dan Quayle	Republican	1988	George H. W. Bush
45	January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001		Al Gore	Democratic	1992	Bill Clinton
					1996
46	January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009		Dick Cheney	Republican	2000	George W. Bush
					2004
47	January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017		Joe Biden	Democratic	2008	Barack Obama
					2012
48	January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021		Mike Pence	Republican	2016	Donald Trump
49	January 20, 2021 – Incumbent		Kamala Harris	Democratic	2020	Joe Biden

V • T • EExecutive branch of the United States
Leadership		President (First Lady) • Vice President (Second Lady or Gentleman) • Acting President
Cabinet of the United States	Secretaries	Secretary of State • Secretary of the Treasury • Secretary of Defense • Attorney General • Secretary of the Interior • Secretary of Agriculture • Secretary of Commerce • Secretary of Labor • Secretary of Health and Human Services • Secretary of Housing and Urban Development • Secretary of Transportation • Secretary of Energy • Secretary of Education • Secretary of Veterans Affairs • Secretary of Homeland Security
	Other Cabinet-level officials	White House Chief of Staff • Administrator of the EPA • Director of the OMB • Director of National Intelligence • Trade Representative • Ambassador to the UN • Small Business Administrator • Director of the CIA • Director of the OSTP • Chair of the CEA • Counselor to the President • White House Counsel • National Security Advisor • Director of the FEMA • Director of the ONDCP
	Former Cabinet secretaries and officials	Secretary of War • Secretary of Commerce and Labor • Postmaster General • Secretary of the Army • Secretary of the Navy • Secretary of the Air Force • Director of Central Intelligence
Non-Cabinet-level officials		White House Press Secretary • Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff • Senior Advisor to the President • Director of the DPC • Director of the NEC • Homeland Security Advisor • Director of the FBI • Director of the NSA • Director of the USSS
Government offices	Departments	State • Treasury • Defense (Army • Navy • Air Force) • Justice • Interior • Agriculture • Commerce • Labor • Health and Human Services • Housing and Urban Development • Transportation • Energy • Education • Veterans Affairs • Homeland Security
	Agencies	Environmental Protection Agency • Office of Management and Budget • Office of the United States Trade Representative • Small Business Administration • Central Intelligence Agency • Office of Science and Technology Policy • Federal Bureau of Investigation • National Security Agency • United States Postal Service • Federal Emergency Management Agency • Office of National Drug Control Policy • Secret Service
	Other offices	Executive Office of the President • Joint Chiefs of Staff • Council of Economic Advisers • Domestic Policy Council • National Economic Council • National Security Council • Homeland Security Council
	Former departments and offices	Department of War • Department of Commerce and Labor • Post Office Department
Buildings		Samuel Osgood House • Alexander Macomb House • President's House • White House • Number One Observatory Circle • Pentagon

V • T • ELegislative branch of the United States
United States Congress	Houses	Senate • House of Representatives
	Leadership	Senate leaders (President • President pro tempore) • House leaders (Speaker • Dean)
	Membership	V • T • EMembers of the United States Congress Voting members Senators Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Caorlina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming Representatives Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Caorlina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming Non-voting delegates American Samoa • Cherokee Nation • Choctaw Nation • District of Columbia • Guam • Northern Mariana Islands • Philippines • Puerto Rico • U.S. Virgin Islands
	Meetings	V • T • EMeetings of the United States Congress 1st • 2nd • 3rd • 4th • 5th • 6th • 7th • 8th • 9th • 10th • 11th • 12th • 13th • 14th • 15th • 16th • 17th • 18th • 19th • 20th • 21st • 22nd • 23rd • 24th • 25th • 26th • 27th • 28th • 29th • 30th • 31st • 32nd • 33rd • 34th • 35th • 36th • 37th • 38th • 39th • 40th • 41st • 42nd • 43rd • 44th • 45th • 46th • 47th • 48th • 49th • 50th • 51st • 52nd • 53rd • 54th • 55th • 56th • 57th • 58th • 59th • 60th • 61st • 62nd • 63rd • 64th • 65th • 66th • 67th • 68th • 69th • 70th • 71st • 72nd • 73rd • 74th • 75th • 76th • 77th • 78th • 79th • 80th • 81st • 82nd • 83rd • 84th • 85th • 86th • 87th • 88th • 89th • 90th • 91st • 92nd • 93rd • 94th • 95th • 96th • 97th • 98th • 99th • 100th • 101st • 102nd • 103rd • 104th • 105th • 106th • 107th • 108th • 109th • 110th • 111th • 112th • 113th • 114th • 115th • 116th • 117th • 118th • 119th • 120th • 121st
	Electoral classes and divisions	Senate class • Congressional district
Previous legislatures	Bodies	Continental Congress • Congress of the Confederation
	Leadership	President of the Continental Congress • President of the Confederation Congress
Buildings		Carpenters' Hall • Independence Hall • Federal Hall • Congress Hall • United States Capitol